Analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion, automotive electronics, biosystems, computation, consumer electronics, instrumentation, medical systems, signal processing, ubiquitous electronics, and wireless communications.High-speed digital and high-frequency analog circuits, microwave circuits, memories, nanoscale analog circuits, precision measurement, timing, voltages and currents, robust circuit design, and system architecture.Bio/silicon interfaces, integrated sensors, mixed signal systems, mixed material systems, and microelectromechanical systems.High-power circuits, on-chip power distribution, power/performance tradeoffs, ultra-low-power circuits, and ultra-low-voltage circuits.