Electrical engineering is an extremely diverse field ranging from the ultra-small devices inside our computer chips to global-scale communications systems. Electrical engineers design, develop, build, and test the electronic devices that are ever-present in the modern world. Everything ranging from autonomous electric vehicles to solar panels and smart phones depend on devices, circuits, signals and systems developed by electrical engineers. You will begin with a rigorous series of courses in mathematics, natural sciences and basic engineering to prepare yourself for more advanced study. At the upper-division level, you may choose to specialize in one of the following five areas: physical electronics, electromagnetics, analog electronics, digital electronics or signal processing and communication. You may also choose a broad program of study that allows you to distribute your coursework among two or more of these areas.
There are two main types of signals in Electrical Engineering: Analog and Digital. Analog signals are continuously variable electric voltage, current, charge, etc. which represent information in physical world. Such physical parameters (e.g., sound, light, temperature, pressure, ) are converted to electric signals by sensors or transducers before they are processed by analog electronic circuits such as amplifiers and filters. Analog signals are prone to distortion by random disturbances or variations (i.e., noise) as well as nonlinearities in electronic devices such as diodes and transistors. In contrast, digital signals are binary signals which only take two distinct levels, known as binary 1 and binary 0 and are very robust to distortion and noise. That is why nowadays most of data processing, storage and communication take place in digital domain. However, despite the fast growth of digital signal processing which has become increasingly more powerful thanks to the integrated circuit (IC) technology, analog electronic circuits remain a critical and necessary part of most electronic systems.