The MSE degree is the primary master's degree offered in our department and provides students with a more in-depth knowledge of aerospace engineering topics beyond what is covered in the BSE program. The MSE is a coursework-based degree, with some research opportunities for those master's students who are interested. The program typically takes three to four terms to complete (excluding summer, when no graduate courses are offered). Sustainable aviation is a multi-disciplinary field that seeks solutions to improve the environmental and societal impacts of air transportation. It aims to reduce aviation's contribution to climate change through new practices and radical innovation. This specialization covers highly efficient aircraft designs, novel propulsion systems, green aircraft technologies, and energy-optimized flight operations to reduce aircraft energy consumption, noise, and emissions. Research applications include appropriate fidelity and system-level analysis of advanced concept aircraft, electrified and hydrogen-powered aircraft, sustainable aviation fuels, renewable and alternative energy sources, improved air traffic management, emissions, and noise. At Michigan, research and education in this specialization draw from the expertise of other research areas such as aerodynamics, propulsion, systems design, computation, autonomous systems, controls, structures, and materials. This brings a holistic approach that accounts for the life-cycle impact of greenhouse gas emissions in the design, operation, and sustainment of new aircraft concepts. Michigan's sustainable aviation research programs involve collaboration with the aerospace industry and government.