The Department's field in imperialism and colonialism is particularly strong in its coverage of European empires and emphasizes gender, environmental history, religion, slavery, the history of science and medicine, and Native American history (including the native peoples of Mexico and South America). Between the European Middles Ages and the contemporary post-colonial era, European expansion led to the creation and consolidation of colonial regimes around the world. Colonial authorities sought to transform societies by remolding their subjects own vision of themselves, their families, their lands, their sciences, and even their futures. The pervasive and insidious influence of colonialism, its technology, and its violence was thus felt in the mind and body, marked vast landscapes, and found expression in everything from politics to material culture. Yet with colonial rule came dissent and contestation. In the face of what were often stringently hierarchical colonial regimes, women and men in the Americas, Africa, and Asia, attempted to retain control of their own lives. Their strivings meant that, as Western ideas about gender, ethnicity, science, technology, and the environment were extended overseas, they were themselves refashioned.